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From the Heterotic String Quartet to the Cosmic Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Ordinary Energy Symphony

Received: 6 March 2017     Accepted: 24 March 2017     Published: 10 April 2017
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Abstract

The main novel part of the paper is to identify the 16 extra bosonic dimensions of the Heterotic string theory with the negative signature of K3 Kähler manifold and these in turn are the source of pure dark energy.Guided by the basic ideas and structure of heterotic string theory we establish an energy density triality, which add together to the theoretically expected energy density based on Einstein’s relativity. Thus Einstein’s famous formula E = mc 2 is found in integer approximation to be the sum of three sectors, namely where is the ordinary energy density, is the dark matter energy density and is the pure dark energy density where m is the mass, c is the velocity of light and 16 is the number of heterotic strings extra bosons. We demonstrate further that strictly speaking dark matter is weakly coupled with pure dark energy and that while dark matter and ordinary energy are attracting in the conventional way, pure dark energy has an opposite sign similar to the extra 16 dimensions of heterotic strings making it act effectively in the opposite direction in conformity with the negative sign and magnitude of the corresponding K3 Kähler manifold.

Published in American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics (Volume 5, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajaa.20170502.12
Page(s) 21-24
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Heterotic Strings, David Gross 16 Extra Dimensions, Pure Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Kaluza-Klein Theories, Fractal Spacetime, E-infinity Theory

References
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[2] N. J. Wilenkin: Unterhaltsame Mengenlehre Verlag Havri Deutsch. Leipzig, Germany. 1973.
[3] M. S. El Naschie: Infinite dimensional Branes and the E-infinity toplogy of heterotic superstrings. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 2001, 12, pp. 1047-1055.
[4] L. Marek-Crnjac: Partially ordered sets, transfinite topology and the dimension of Cantorian-fractal spacetime. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 42 (3), 2009, pp. 1796-1799.
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[12] L. Marek-Crnjac: Generalized quantum entanglement family in connection to black holes and nanotechnology. Chapter in “Quantum Gravity”, Edited by B. Mitchell. Nova Publishers, New York, USA. 2017.
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[17] David Gross, J. A. Harvey, E. Martinec and R. Rohm: Heterotic string theory (1). The free Heterotic string. Nuclear Physics B, 256, 1985, pp. 253-284.
[18] David Gross, J. A. Harvey, E. Martinec and R. Rohm: Physical Review Letters, 54 (6), 1985, pp. 502.
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[21] Mohamed S. El Naschie: On a new elementary particle from the disintegration of the symplectic 't Hooft-Veltman-Wilson fractal spacetime. World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, Vol, 4 (4), 2014, pp. 216-221.
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  • APA Style

    Mohamed S. El Naschie. (2017). From the Heterotic String Quartet to the Cosmic Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Ordinary Energy Symphony. American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5(2), 21-24. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20170502.12

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    ACS Style

    Mohamed S. El Naschie. From the Heterotic String Quartet to the Cosmic Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Ordinary Energy Symphony. Am. J. Astron. Astrophys. 2017, 5(2), 21-24. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaa.20170502.12

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    AMA Style

    Mohamed S. El Naschie. From the Heterotic String Quartet to the Cosmic Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Ordinary Energy Symphony. Am J Astron Astrophys. 2017;5(2):21-24. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaa.20170502.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajaa.20170502.12,
      author = {Mohamed S. El Naschie},
      title = {From the Heterotic String Quartet to the Cosmic Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Ordinary Energy Symphony},
      journal = {American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics},
      volume = {5},
      number = {2},
      pages = {21-24},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajaa.20170502.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20170502.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaa.20170502.12},
      abstract = {The main novel part of the paper is to identify the 16 extra bosonic dimensions of the Heterotic string theory with the negative signature of K3 Kähler manifold and these in turn are the source of pure dark energy.Guided by the basic ideas and structure of heterotic string theory we establish an energy density triality, which add together to the theoretically expected energy density based on Einstein’s relativity. Thus Einstein’s famous formula E = mc 2 is found in integer approximation to be the sum of three sectors, namely  where  is the ordinary energy density,  is the dark matter energy density and  is the pure dark energy density where m is the mass, c is the velocity of light and 16 is the number of heterotic strings extra bosons. We demonstrate further that strictly speaking dark matter is weakly coupled with pure dark energy and that while dark matter and ordinary energy are attracting in the conventional way, pure dark energy has an opposite sign similar to the extra 16 dimensions of heterotic strings making it act effectively in the opposite direction in conformity with the negative sign and magnitude of the corresponding K3 Kähler manifold.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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    T1  - From the Heterotic String Quartet to the Cosmic Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Ordinary Energy Symphony
    AU  - Mohamed S. El Naschie
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    T2  - American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
    JF  - American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
    JO  - American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
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    AB  - The main novel part of the paper is to identify the 16 extra bosonic dimensions of the Heterotic string theory with the negative signature of K3 Kähler manifold and these in turn are the source of pure dark energy.Guided by the basic ideas and structure of heterotic string theory we establish an energy density triality, which add together to the theoretically expected energy density based on Einstein’s relativity. Thus Einstein’s famous formula E = mc 2 is found in integer approximation to be the sum of three sectors, namely  where  is the ordinary energy density,  is the dark matter energy density and  is the pure dark energy density where m is the mass, c is the velocity of light and 16 is the number of heterotic strings extra bosons. We demonstrate further that strictly speaking dark matter is weakly coupled with pure dark energy and that while dark matter and ordinary energy are attracting in the conventional way, pure dark energy has an opposite sign similar to the extra 16 dimensions of heterotic strings making it act effectively in the opposite direction in conformity with the negative sign and magnitude of the corresponding K3 Kähler manifold.
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Author Information
  • Dept. of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt

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